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Automotive Engineering Fundamentals 2004 Edition, April 30, 2004
Description / Abstract:
Preface
This book arose from a need for an automotive engineering textbook that included analysis, as well as descriptions of the hardware. Specifically, several courses in systems engineering use the automobile as a basis. Additionally, many universities are now involved in collegiate design competitions such as the SAE Mini Baja and Formula SAE competitions. This book should be helpful to such teams as an introductory text and as a source for further references. Given the broad scope of this topic, not every aspect of automotive engineering could be covered while keeping the text to a reasonable and affordable size.
The book is aimed at third- to fourth-year engineering students and presupposes a certain level of engineering background. However, the courses for which this book was written are composed of engineering students from varied backgrounds to include mechanical, aeronautical, electrical, and astronautical engineering. Thus, certain topics that would be a review for mechanical engineering students may be an introduction to electrical engineers, and vice versa. Furthermore, because the book is aimed at students, it sometimes has been necessary to give only outline or simplified explanations. In such cases, numerous references have been made to sources of other information.
Practicing engineers also should find this book useful when they need an overview of the subject, or when they are working on particular aspects of automotive engineering that are new to them.
Automotive engineering draws on almost all areas of engineering: thermodynamics and combustion, fluid mechanics and heat transfer, mechanics, stress analysis, materials science, electronics and controls, dynamics, vibrations, machine design, linkages, and so forth. However, automobiles also are subject to commercial considerations, such as economics, marketing, and sales, and these aspects are discussed as they arise.
Again, to limit the scope of this project, several important automotive engineering concepts are notable for their absence. Two examples notable for their absence are manufacturing and structural design and crashworthiness. Neither ofthese topics was omitted because the topics were deemed unimportant. Rather, they did not fit the particular curriculum this book targeted. In short, topics that have been omitted are not intended to slight the importance of the topics, but choices had to be made in the scope of the text.
The book has been organized to flow from the source of power (i.e., engine) through the drivetrain to the road. Chapter 1 is a brief and selective historical overview. Again, topics for Chapter 1 had to be limited to keep the scope reasonable, and the intent was to show the progression of automotive engineering over the last 100 years. Undoubtedly, readers will find several topics absent from the historical overview. Again, the absences are not intended to minimize the importance of any development, but to limit the size of Chapter 1.
Chapter 2 contains an overview of the thermodynamic principles common to internal combustion engines and concludes with an extensive discussion of fuel cell principles and their systems. The differing operations of spark ignition engines and compression ignition engines are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4, respectively. Because many diesel engines now employ forced induction, the topic of turbo- and supercharging is discussed in Chapter 4 as well. Chapter 5 covers the ancillary systems associated with the engine and includes belt drives, air conditioning, and the starting and charging systems.
Transmissions and drivelines are the topic of Chapter 6. This chapter includes discussion and analysis of both manual and automatic transmissions, driveshaft design, and four- and al\x=req-\ wheel-drive systems. The steering system is discussed in Chapter 7 and includes basic techniques for analyzing vehicle dynamics and rollover. The suspension system is discussed in Chapter 8, and basic models are provided as first-order analysis tools. The suspension system is another topic that is worthy of a textbook in itself, but Chapter 8 provides students and practicing engineers with several references to more detailed models and analysis techniques. Brakes and tires are the topic of Chapter 9, and Chapter 10 discusses vehicle aerodynamics.
Because computer modeling is becoming increasingly important for the automotive engineer, Chapter 11 discusses matching transmissions to engines and provides a link to a computer model that is useful for predicting overall vehicle performance. Chapter 12 concludes the book with two case studies chosen to highlight the advances made in automotive engineering over the last century. The first case study is the Vauxhall 14-40, a vehicle that was studied extensively by Sir Harry Ricardo in the 1920s. As a point of comparison, the second case study is the Toyota Prius, which represents cutting-edge technology in a hybrid vehicle.
The material in the book has been used by the authors in teaching an automotive systems analysis course and as part of a broad-based engineering degree course. These experiences have been invaluable in preparing this manuscript, as has been the feedback from the students. The material in the book comes from numerous sources. The published sources have been acknowledged, but of greater importance have been the conversations and discussions with colleagues and researchers involved in all areas of automotive engineering, especially when they have provided us with copies of relevant publications.
We welcome criticisms or comments about the book, either concerning the details or the overall concept.
This book arose from a need for an automotive engineering textbook that included analysis, as well as descriptions of the hardware. Specifically, several courses in systems engineering use the automobile as a basis. Additionally, many universities are now involved in collegiate design competitions such as the SAE Mini Baja and Formula SAE competitions. This book should be helpful to such teams as an introductory text and as a source for further references. Given the broad scope of this topic, not every aspect of automotive engineering could be covered while keeping the text to a reasonable and affordable size.
The book is aimed at third- to fourth-year engineering students and presupposes a certain level of engineering background. However, the courses for which this book was written are composed of engineering students from varied backgrounds to include mechanical, aeronautical, electrical, and astronautical engineering. Thus, certain topics that would be a review for mechanical engineering students may be an introduction to electrical engineers, and vice versa. Furthermore, because the book is aimed at students, it sometimes has been necessary to give only outline or simplified explanations. In such cases, numerous references have been made to sources of other information.
Practicing engineers also should find this book useful when they need an overview of the subject, or when they are working on particular aspects of automotive engineering that are new to them.
Automotive engineering draws on almost all areas of engineering: thermodynamics and combustion, fluid mechanics and heat transfer, mechanics, stress analysis, materials science, electronics and controls, dynamics, vibrations, machine design, linkages, and so forth. However, automobiles also are subject to commercial considerations, such as economics, marketing, and sales, and these aspects are discussed as they arise.
Again, to limit the scope of this project, several important automotive engineering concepts are notable for their absence. Two examples notable for their absence are manufacturing and structural design and crashworthiness. Neither ofthese topics was omitted because the topics were deemed unimportant. Rather, they did not fit the particular curriculum this book targeted. In short, topics that have been omitted are not intended to slight the importance of the topics, but choices had to be made in the scope of the text.
The book has been organized to flow from the source of power (i.e., engine) through the drivetrain to the road. Chapter 1 is a brief and selective historical overview. Again, topics for Chapter 1 had to be limited to keep the scope reasonable, and the intent was to show the progression of automotive engineering over the last 100 years. Undoubtedly, readers will find several topics absent from the historical overview. Again, the absences are not intended to minimize the importance of any development, but to limit the size of Chapter 1.
Chapter 2 contains an overview of the thermodynamic principles common to internal combustion engines and concludes with an extensive discussion of fuel cell principles and their systems. The differing operations of spark ignition engines and compression ignition engines are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4, respectively. Because many diesel engines now employ forced induction, the topic of turbo- and supercharging is discussed in Chapter 4 as well. Chapter 5 covers the ancillary systems associated with the engine and includes belt drives, air conditioning, and the starting and charging systems.
Transmissions and drivelines are the topic of Chapter 6. This chapter includes discussion and analysis of both manual and automatic transmissions, driveshaft design, and four- and al\x=req-\ wheel-drive systems. The steering system is discussed in Chapter 7 and includes basic techniques for analyzing vehicle dynamics and rollover. The suspension system is discussed in Chapter 8, and basic models are provided as first-order analysis tools. The suspension system is another topic that is worthy of a textbook in itself, but Chapter 8 provides students and practicing engineers with several references to more detailed models and analysis techniques. Brakes and tires are the topic of Chapter 9, and Chapter 10 discusses vehicle aerodynamics.
Because computer modeling is becoming increasingly important for the automotive engineer, Chapter 11 discusses matching transmissions to engines and provides a link to a computer model that is useful for predicting overall vehicle performance. Chapter 12 concludes the book with two case studies chosen to highlight the advances made in automotive engineering over the last century. The first case study is the Vauxhall 14-40, a vehicle that was studied extensively by Sir Harry Ricardo in the 1920s. As a point of comparison, the second case study is the Toyota Prius, which represents cutting-edge technology in a hybrid vehicle.
The material in the book has been used by the authors in teaching an automotive systems analysis course and as part of a broad-based engineering degree course. These experiences have been invaluable in preparing this manuscript, as has been the feedback from the students. The material in the book comes from numerous sources. The published sources have been acknowledged, but of greater importance have been the conversations and discussions with colleagues and researchers involved in all areas of automotive engineering, especially when they have provided us with copies of relevant publications.
We welcome criticisms or comments about the book, either concerning the details or the overall concept.
Automotive Engineering Fundamentals 2004 Edition, April 30, 2004