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Design and the Reliability Factor

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Design and the Reliability Factor 2015 Edition, November 23, 2015
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Description / Abstract: Introduction

Sophisticated infotainment systems are increasingly common in cars today. So are systems such as lane departure warning, adaptive cruise control, and blind-spot monitoring, which all have the purpose of making cars more reliable and safe. The proliferation of infotainment, safety, connectivity, powertrain control, body electronics, and other “smart” features has increased the market for automotive semiconductor devices.

According to the Gartner research firm, automotive semiconductor revenue grew 10.3% in 2014 to $30 billion, driven by strength in LEDs (light emitting diodes), image sensors, ASSPs (application-specific standard products), and analog ICs. (https://www.gartner.com/doc/3032317/ market-share-analysis-automotive-semiconductors)

Mark Fitzgerald, Associate Director of Strategy Analytics’ Automotive Practice, notes that vehicle makers’ increasing use of sophisticated electronic systems to develop vehicles that are safer, more fuel efficient, and environmentally friendly is creating a demand for a higher number of sensors per vehicle. (https://www.strategyanalytics.com/strategyanalytics/ news/strategy-analytics-press-releases/strategyanalytics- press-release/2014/12/09/global-automotivesensor- demand-to-exceed-$25-8-billion-by-2021#. VfhDv_SULFU )

Hiroaki Kaneho, General Manager of Renesas Electronics Corporation’s automotive systems division marketing unit, explains that automotive MCUs (microcontroller units) implement safety features; enhance environmental friendliness; and provide convenience, comfort, connectivity, and entertainment for drivers and passengers. For that reason, it is not unusual for a typical mid-priced new car to contain hundreds of MCUs spanning a range of processing and communication capabilities.

“Going forward, even larger numbers of embeddable MCUs will be needed to meet the growing number of standard and optional electronically controlled capabilities required by regulators and desired by car buyers,” says Kaneho. “These design requirements will necessitate chips with greater functionality.” (http://am.renesas.com/edge_ol/special/02/ index.jsp)

More chips and greater functionality translate to further networking/communications activity within the car, and that raises the prospect of potentially serious errors. Minimizing those errors by design is the focus of this book, which contains seven SAE International’s handpicked technical papers, each important for engineers with responsibility for ultimate vehicle safety. They cover:

• A way to calculate the reliability of priority-driven, real-time components with respect to timing failures. Assessing components’ load situations during a certain interval of time, and covering each potential timing effect results in a realistic estimate of each component’s reliability.

• A delayed-decision cycle detection method that can detect and prevent spoofing attacks with high accuracy. The method detects intrusion by evaluating a reception cycle of data frames, and it can destroy an intrusive data frame when it is determined to be attacking data.

• An AUTOSAR-compliant automotive platform for meeting reliability and timing constraints. The platform is based on a new software-component (SWC) allocation algorithm for fail-stop processors to support faulttolerance with bounded recovery times.

• An eight-point process for determining the cause of failures with real-world cases in which the process was used. The authors also list the main reasons why engineering items fail.

• How accelerated reliability and durability testing technology (ART/ADT)—based on an accurate simulation of real-world conditions—can better predict reliability and durability.

• How to achieve reliable sensor-fusion despite sensor system complexity and inconsistent reliability.

• How to improve domain controller availability while maintaining functional safety in mixed criticality automotive safety systems.

Each paper provides insightful detail on a topic of increasing importance—the challenge to design for vehicle safety and reliability as these factors are influenced by automotive electronics technology.